Inertia and diffusion affect the movement of dust particles in the airflow. When the airflow changes direction and encounters randomly arranged fibers, larger particles deviate from their path due to inertia, collide with the fibers, and become trapped. The larger the particle, the more likely it is to be captured by this impact. Smaller dust particles, however, undergo irregular Brownian motion. The smaller the particle, the more erratic its movement, increasing the likelihood of it hitting obstacles, which enhances the filtration effect. Particles smaller than 0.1 microns primarily exhibit Brownian motion, and the smaller the particle, the more effective the filtration.